
Passage Study
Put Off the Old Self and Walk as Children of Light
Ephesians 4:17–5:21
Ephesians 4:17–5:21 calls those who have learned Christ to abandon their former Gentile way of life and to put on the new self created according to God’s likeness. Paul applies that change to speech, anger, work, generosity, sexuality, forgiveness, worship, wisdom, and Spirit-filled mutual submission. The pattern is not self-improvement: believers imitate the God who forgave them in Christ and walk in the love Christ displayed by giving Himself for them.
- In this study
- 37 verses · 5 movements
Ephesians 4
4:17This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that you no longer walk as the rest of the Gentiles also walk, in the futility of their mind,
4:18being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their hearts.
4:19They, having become callous, gave themselves up to lust, to work all uncleanness with greediness.
4:20But you didn’t learn Christ that way,
4:21if indeed you heard him and were taught in him, even as truth is in Jesus:
4:22that you put away, as concerning your former way of life, the old man that grows corrupt after the lusts of deceit,
4:23and that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind,
4:24and put on the new man, who in the likeness of God has been created in righteousness and holiness of truth.
4:25Therefore, putting away falsehood, speak truth each one with his neighbor, for we are members of one another.
4:26“Be angry, and don’t sin.” Don’t let the sun go down on your wrath,
4:27and don’t give place to the devil.
4:28Let him who stole steal no more; but rather let him labor, producing with his hands something that is good, that he may have something to give to him who has need.
4:29Let no corrupt speech proceed out of your mouth, but only what is good for building others up as the need may be, that it may give grace to those who hear.
4:30Don’t grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.
4:31Let all bitterness, wrath, anger, outcry, and slander be put away from you, with all malice.
4:32And be kind to one another, tender hearted, forgiving each other, just as God also in Christ forgave you.
Ephesians 5
5:1Be therefore imitators of God, as beloved children.
5:2Walk in love, even as Christ also loved us and gave himself up for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling fragrance.
5:3But sexual immorality, and all uncleanness or covetousness, let it not even be mentioned among you, as becomes saints;
5:4nor filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not appropriate, but rather giving of thanks.
5:5Know this for sure, that no sexually immoral person, nor unclean person, nor covetous man (who is an idolater), has any inheritance in the Kingdom of Christ and God.
5:6Let no one deceive you with empty words, for because of these things the wrath of God comes on the children of disobedience.
5:7Therefore don’t be partakers with them.
5:8For you were once darkness, but are now light in the Lord. Walk as children of light,
5:9for the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth,
5:10proving what is well pleasing to the Lord.
5:11Have no fellowship with the unfruitful deeds of darkness, but rather even reprove them.
5:12For it is a shame even to speak of the things which are done by them in secret.
5:13But all things, when they are reproved, are revealed by the light, for everything that reveals is light.
5:14Therefore he says, “Awake, you who sleep, and arise from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.”
5:15Therefore watch carefully how you walk, not as unwise, but as wise,
5:16redeeming the time, because the days are evil.
5:17Therefore, don’t be foolish, but understand what the will of the Lord is.
5:18Don’t be drunken with wine, in which is dissipation, but be filled with the Spirit,
5:19speaking to one another in psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs; singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord;
5:20giving thanks always concerning all things in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to God, even the Father;
5:21subjecting yourselves to one another in the fear of Christ.
CONTEXTUAL OVERVIEW
After describing the church’s growth into Christ in 4:1–16, Paul turns to the life that accords with that calling. He speaks especially to Gentile believers about the former walk from which Christ has delivered them: futile thinking, darkened understanding, alienation from God, hardness of heart, and a surrender to greed and impurity. The language is morally serious, but Paul does not leave readers with a catalog of failure. He says they have “learned Christ,” heard Him, and been taught in Him.
The command to put off the old self and put on the new self is then worked out in ordinary embodied practices. Falsehood gives way to truth among members of one body; stealing gives way to useful labor and sharing; corrupt speech gives way to words that build up; bitterness gives way to kindness and forgiveness. The passage’s horizon is a community whose everyday habits fit the new humanity created in God’s likeness.
HISTORICAL AND LITERARY CONTEXT
The “walk” language that frames this section refers to a whole way of life, not a literal image the reader is meant to see. Paul contrasts the previous pattern of life with a life formed by truth in Jesus. The new self is created according to God’s likeness in righteousness and holiness, recalling humanity’s creation vocation while locating renewal in Christ. This is neither moral minimalism nor an instruction to make oneself new by willpower; believers put on what God has created through their union with Christ.
The lists in 4:25–5:21 are closely connected rather than detached sayings. Speech can grieve the Holy Spirit who seals believers for redemption. Sexual impurity, greed, obscenity, and crude joking contradict the inheritance of God’s kingdom and can deceive a community with empty words. Light, goodness, righteousness, truth, wisdom, song, thanksgiving, and submission describe a corporate life made visible by the Spirit. Paul’s reference to drunkenness names a rival controlling influence; being filled with the Spirit produces worship and mutual service.
SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS
- Ephesians 4:17–24 · Ephesians 4:24Those taught in Christ reject the old self’s deceitful desires and put on the new self created in God’s likeness.
- Ephesians 4:25–32 · Ephesians 4:19Truthful speech, reconciled anger, generous work, and forgiveness show how the new self lives within one body.
- Ephesians 5:1–21 · Ephesians 5:2Christ’s self-giving love governs holiness, while Spirit-filled wisdom produces worship, gratitude, and reverent mutual service.
CHRIST IN THIS PASSAGE
Paul’s call to “walk in love” has a definite measure: Christ loved us and gave Himself up for us as an offering and sacrifice to God. This is not a generic appeal to be nice. The cross discloses the love believers are called to embody, and it supplies the forgiveness that makes new community life possible. God in Christ has forgiven them; therefore resentment and vengeance cannot be treated as normal fixtures of the body Christ redeemed.
Jesus also defines the truth into which believers have been taught. To learn Christ is to receive a new identity that reaches mind, speech, sexuality, work, worship, and relationships. The new self is not an independent moral project. It is God’s creation in righteousness and holiness, and the Spirit’s filling directs the church toward reverence for Christ. His saving mission frees people from old patterns that destroy communion and forms a people whose life bears witness to His costly love.
REFLECTION
Take Paul’s replacements seriously. Do not merely condemn a recurring pattern; name the truthful practice that must take its place. If anger has lasted into the next day, seek reconciliation. If speech has harmed, confess it and speak a word that builds the injured person. If a private habit feeds impurity or greed, bring it into the light with a trusted mature believer and replace its secrecy with a concrete practice of truth and thanksgiving.
The final picture is a gathered, Spirit-filled people: singing, giving thanks, and yielding to one another because they revere Christ. Enter worship ready to receive and strengthen the body, not only to consume it. Ask the Spirit to make one decision this week wiser in its use of time, more grateful in its tone, and more shaped by the Lord’s self-giving love.
Original Greek Word Study
Ephesians 4:17
περιπατέω
peripateo · G4043
Usually translated: to walk or conduct one’s life
Peripateo means to walk, a picture of one’s whole way of life. Paul calls believers to put off the old way and walk in light, wisdom, and the Spirit-shaped life God has given them.
Follow the Scripture trail
Put Off the Old Self and Walk as Children of Light in the larger story
The connection: The God who creates humanity in His likeness renews sinners through the crucified Christ. Because Jesus gave Himself as a sacrifice and secured their forgiveness, His people can put off destructive old patterns and become a Spirit-filled community whose speech, worship, and service display His love.
Respond to the passage
Identify one old-self pattern in your speech, anger, money, sexuality, or use of time, and name the new-self practice Paul places beside it. Receive forgiveness in Christ, take a concrete step into the light, and ask the Spirit to form a habit of gratitude and service in its place.
- What does Paul mean by putting off the old self and putting on the new self?
- Why does Paul connect forgiving others with God’s forgiveness in Christ?
- How does Spirit-filled life differ from drunkenness in Ephesians 5:18–21?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, You gave Yourself for me in love and have forgiven me by grace. Renew my mind, put truthful and healing words in my mouth, expose what belongs to darkness, and fill me with Your Spirit for grateful worship and faithful service. Amen.