Read Jeremiah 11:1–20:18

Passage Study

The Broken Covenant and a Prophet Who Brings His Case to God

Jeremiah 11:1–20:18

Jeremiah 11–20 announces covenant judgment on Judah while revealing the cost of speaking God’s word. The people plot against Jeremiah, and he pours out grief, confusion, and complaint before the Lord. These laments show that faithful witness can be painful, and they point to Jesus, the rejected righteous sufferer who bears sin’s judgment and brings His people into the new covenant.

In this study
214 verses · 5 movements

Jeremiah 11

11:1The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying,

11:2“Hear the words of this covenant, and speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem;

11:3and say to them, the LORD, the God of Israel says: ‘Cursed is the man who doesn’t hear the words of this covenant,

11:4which I commanded your fathers in the day that I brought them out of the land of Egypt, out of the iron furnace,’ saying, ‘Obey my voice and do them, according to all which I command you; so you shall be my people, and I will be your God;

11:5that I may establish the oath which I swore to your fathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey,’ as it is today.” Then I answered, and said, “Amen, LORD.”

11:6The LORD said to me, “Proclaim all these words in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, saying, ‘Hear the words of this covenant, and do them.

11:7For I earnestly protested to your fathers in the day that I brought them up out of the land of Egypt, even to this day, rising early and protesting, saying, “Obey my voice.”

11:8Yet they didn’t obey, nor turn their ear, but everyone walked in the stubbornness of their evil heart. Therefore I brought on them all the words of this covenant, which I commanded them to do, but they didn’t do them.’”

11:9The LORD said to me, “A conspiracy is found among the men of Judah, and among the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

11:10They have turned back to the iniquities of their forefathers, who refused to hear my words. They have gone after other gods to serve them. The house of Israel and the house of Judah have broken my covenant which I made with their fathers.

11:11Therefore the LORD says, ‘Behold, I will bring evil on them which they will not be able to escape; and they will cry to me, but I will not listen to them.

11:12Then the cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem will go and cry to the gods to which they offer incense, but they will not save them at all in the time of their trouble.

11:13For according to the number of your cities are your gods, Judah; and according to the number of the streets of Jerusalem you have set up altars to the shameful thing, even altars to burn incense to Baal.’

11:14“Therefore don’t pray for this people. Don’t lift up cry or prayer for them; for I will not hear them in the time that they cry to me because of their trouble.

11:15What has my beloved to do in my house, since she has behaved lewdly with many, and the holy flesh has passed from you? When you do evil, then you rejoice.”

11:16The LORD called your name, “A green olive tree, beautiful with goodly fruit.” With the noise of a great roar he has kindled fire on it, and its branches are broken.

11:17For the LORD of Armies, who planted you, has pronounced evil against you, because of the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done to themselves in provoking me to anger by offering incense to Baal.

11:18The LORD gave me knowledge of it, and I knew it. Then you showed me their doings.

11:19But I was like a gentle lamb that is led to the slaughter. I didn’t know that they had devised plans against me, saying, “Let’s destroy the tree with its fruit, and let’s cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.”

11:20But, LORD of Armies, who judges righteously, who tests the heart and the mind, I will see your vengeance on them; for to you I have revealed my cause.

11:21“Therefore the LORD says concerning the men of Anathoth, who seek your life, saying, ‘You shall not prophesy in the LORD’s name, that you not die by our hand’—

11:22therefore the LORD of Armies says, ‘Behold, I will punish them. The young men will die by the sword. Their sons and their daughters will die by famine.

11:23There will be no remnant to them, for I will bring evil on the men of Anathoth, even the year of their visitation.’”

Jeremiah 12

12:1You are righteous, LORD, when I contend with you; yet I would like to plead a case with you. Why does the way of the wicked prosper? Why are they all at ease who deal very treacherously?

12:2You have planted them. Yes, they have taken root. They grow. Yes, they produce fruit. You are near in their mouth, and far from their heart.

12:3But you, LORD, know me. You see me, and test my heart toward you. Pull them out like sheep for the slaughter, and prepare them for the day of slaughter.

12:4How long will the land mourn, and the herbs of the whole country wither? Because of the wickedness of those who dwell therein, the animals and birds are consumed; because they said, “He won’t see our latter end.”

12:5“If you have run with the footmen, and they have wearied you, then how can you contend with horses? Though in a land of peace you are secure, yet how will you do in the pride of the Jordan?

12:6For even your brothers, and the house of your father, even they have dealt treacherously with you! Even they have cried aloud after you! Don’t believe them, though they speak beautiful words to you.

12:7“I have forsaken my house. I have cast off my heritage. I have given the dearly beloved of my soul into the hand of her enemies.

12:8My heritage has become to me as a lion in the forest. She has uttered her voice against me. Therefore I have hated her.

12:9Is my heritage to me as a speckled bird of prey? Are the birds of prey against her all around? Go, assemble all the animals of the field. Bring them to devour.

12:10Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard. They have trodden my portion under foot. They have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness.

12:11They have made it a desolation. It mourns to me, being desolate. The whole land is made desolate, because no one cares.

12:12Destroyers have come on all the bare heights in the wilderness; for the sword of the LORD devours from the one end of the land even to the other end of the land. No flesh has peace.

12:13They have sown wheat, and have reaped thorns. They have exhausted themselves, and profit nothing. You will be ashamed of your fruits, because of the LORD’s fierce anger.”

12:14The LORD says, “Concerning all my evil neighbors, who touch the inheritance which I have caused my people Israel to inherit: Behold, I will pluck them up from off their land, and will pluck up the house of Judah from among them.

12:15It will happen that after I have plucked them up, I will return and have compassion on them. I will bring them again, every man to his heritage, and every man to his land.

12:16It will happen, if they will diligently learn the ways of my people, to swear by my name, ‘As the LORD lives;’ even as they taught my people to swear by Baal, then they will be built up in the middle of my people.

12:17But if they will not hear, then I will pluck up that nation, plucking up and destroying it,” says the LORD.

Jeremiah 13

13:1The LORD said to me, “Go, and buy yourself a linen belt, and put it on your waist, and don’t put it in water.”

13:2So I bought a belt according to the LORD’s word, and put it on my waist.

13:3The LORD’s word came to me the second time, saying,

13:4“Take the belt that you have bought, which is on your waist, and arise, go to the Euphrates, and hide it there in a cleft of the rock.”

13:5So I went and hid it by the Euphrates, as the LORD commanded me.

13:6After many days, the LORD said to me, “Arise, go to the Euphrates, and take the belt from there, which I commanded you to hide there.”

13:7Then I went to the Euphrates, and dug, and took the belt from the place where I had hidden it; and behold, the belt was ruined. It was profitable for nothing.

13:8Then the LORD’s word came to me, saying,

13:9“The LORD says, ‘In this way I will ruin the pride of Judah, and the great pride of Jerusalem.

13:10This evil people, who refuse to hear my words, who walk in the stubbornness of their heart, and have gone after other gods to serve them and to worship them, will even be as this belt, which is profitable for nothing.

13:11For as the belt clings to the waist of a man, so I have caused the whole house of Israel and the whole house of Judah to cling to me,’ says the LORD; ‘that they may be to me for a people, for a name, for praise, and for glory; but they would not hear.’

13:12“Therefore you shall speak to them this word: ‘The LORD, the God of Israel says, “Every container should be filled with wine.”’ They will tell you, ‘Do we not certainly know that every container should be filled with wine?’

13:13Then tell them, ‘The LORD says, “Behold, I will fill all the inhabitants of this land, even the kings who sit on David’s throne, the priests, the prophets, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, with drunkenness.

13:14I will dash them one against another, even the fathers and the sons together,” says the LORD: “I will not pity, spare, or have compassion, that I should not destroy them.”’”

13:15Hear, and give ear. Don’t be proud, for the LORD has spoken.

13:16Give glory to the LORD your God, before he causes darkness, and before your feet stumble on the dark mountains, and while you look for light, he turns it into the shadow of death, and makes it deep darkness.

13:17But if you will not hear it, my soul will weep in secret for your pride. My eye will weep bitterly, and run down with tears, because the LORD’s flock has been taken captive.

13:18Say to the king and to the queen mother, “Humble yourselves. Sit down, for your crowns have come down, even the crown of your glory.

13:19The cities of the South are shut up, and there is no one to open them. Judah is carried away captive: all of them. They are wholly carried away captive.

13:20Lift up your eyes, and see those who come from the north. Where is the flock that was given to you, your beautiful flock?

13:21What will you say when he sets over you as head those whom you have yourself taught to be friends to you? Won’t sorrows take hold of you, as of a woman in travail?

13:22If you say in your heart, “Why have these things come on me?” Your skirts are uncovered because of the greatness of your iniquity, and your heels suffer violence.

13:23Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots? Then may you also do good, who are accustomed to do evil.

13:24“Therefore I will scatter them as the stubble that passes away by the wind of the wilderness.

13:25This is your lot, the portion measured to you from me,” says the LORD, “because you have forgotten me, and trusted in falsehood.”

13:26Therefore I will also uncover your skirts on your face, and your shame will appear.

13:27I have seen your abominations, even your adulteries and your neighing, the lewdness of your prostitution, on the hills in the field. Woe to you, Jerusalem! You will not be made clean. How long will it yet be?”

Jeremiah 14

14:1This is the LORD’s word that came to Jeremiah concerning the drought:

14:2“Judah mourns, and its gates languish. They sit in black on the ground. The cry of Jerusalem goes up.

14:3Their nobles send their little ones to the waters. They come to the cisterns, and find no water. They return with their vessels empty. They are disappointed and confounded, and cover their heads.

14:4Because of the ground which is cracked, because no rain has been in the land, the plowmen are disappointed. They cover their heads.

14:5Yes, the doe in the field also calves and forsakes her young, because there is no grass.

14:6The wild donkeys stand on the bare heights. They pant for air like jackals. Their eyes fail, because there is no vegetation.

14:7Though our iniquities testify against us, work for your name’s sake, LORD; for our rebellions are many. We have sinned against you.

14:8You hope of Israel, its Savior in the time of trouble, why should you be as a foreigner in the land, and as a wayfaring man who turns aside to stay for a night?

14:9Why should you be like a scared man, as a mighty man who can’t save? Yet you, LORD, are in the middle of us, and we are called by your name. Don’t leave us.

14:10The LORD says to this people: “Even so they have loved to wander. They have not restrained their feet. Therefore the LORD does not accept them. Now he will remember their iniquity, and punish them for their sins.”

14:11The LORD said to me, “Don’t pray for this people for their good.

14:12When they fast, I will not hear their cry; and when they offer burnt offering and meal offering, I will not accept them; but I will consume them by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence.”

14:13Then I said, “Ah, Lord GOD! Behold, the prophets tell them, ‘You will not see the sword, neither will you have famine; but I will give you assured peace in this place.’”

14:14Then the LORD said to me, “The prophets prophesy lies in my name. I didn’t send them. I didn’t command them. I didn’t speak to them. They prophesy to you a lying vision, divination, and a thing of nothing, and the deceit of their own heart.

14:15Therefore the LORD says concerning the prophets who prophesy in my name, but I didn’t send them, yet they say, ‘Sword and famine will not be in this land.’ Those prophets will be consumed by sword and famine.

14:16The people to whom they prophesy will be cast out in the streets of Jerusalem because of the famine and the sword. They will have no one to bury them—them, their wives, their sons, or their daughters, for I will pour their wickedness on them.

14:17“You shall say this word to them: “‘Let my eyes run down with tears night and day, and let them not cease; for the virgin daughter of my people is broken with a great breach, with a very grievous wound.

14:18If I go out into the field, then behold, the slain with the sword! If I enter into the city, then behold, those who are sick with famine! For both the prophet and the priest go about in the land, and have no knowledge.’”

14:19Have you utterly rejected Judah? Has your soul loathed Zion? Why have you struck us, and there is no healing for us? We looked for peace, but no good came; and for a time of healing, and behold, dismay!

14:20We acknowledge, LORD, our wickedness, and the iniquity of our fathers; for we have sinned against you.

14:21Do not abhor us, for your name’s sake. Do not disgrace the throne of your glory. Remember, and don’t break your covenant with us.

14:22Are there any among the vanities of the nations that can cause rain? Or can the sky give showers? Aren’t you he, the LORD our God? Therefore we will wait for you; for you have made all these things.

Jeremiah 15

15:1Then the LORD said to me, “Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind would not turn toward this people. Cast them out of my sight, and let them go out!

15:2It will happen when they ask you, ‘Where shall we go out?’ then you shall tell them, ‘The LORD says: “Such as are for death, to death; such as are for the sword, to the sword; such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for captivity, to captivity.”’

15:3“I will appoint over them four kinds,” says the LORD: “the sword to kill, the dogs to tear, the birds of the sky, and the animals of the earth, to devour and to destroy.

15:4I will cause them to be tossed back and forth among all the kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh, the son of Hezekiah, king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem.

15:5For who will have pity on you, Jerusalem? Who will mourn you? Who will come to ask of your welfare?

15:6You have rejected me,” says the LORD. “You have gone backward. Therefore I have stretched out my hand against you and destroyed you. I am weary of showing compassion.

15:7I have winnowed them with a fan in the gates of the land. I have bereaved them of children. I have destroyed my people. They didn’t return from their ways.

15:8Their widows are increased more than the sand of the seas. I have brought on them against the mother of the young men a destroyer at noonday. I have caused anguish and terrors to fall on her suddenly.

15:9She who has borne seven languishes. She has given up the spirit. Her sun has gone down while it was yet day. She has been disappointed and confounded. I will deliver their residue to the sword before their enemies,” says the LORD.

15:10Woe is me, my mother, that you have borne me, a man of strife, and a man of contention to the whole earth! I have not lent, neither have men lent to me; yet every one of them curses me.

15:11The LORD said, “Most certainly I will strengthen you for good. Most certainly I will cause the enemy to make supplication to you in the time of evil and in the time of affliction.

15:12Can one break iron, even iron from the north, and bronze?

15:13I will give your substance and your treasures for a plunder without price, and that for all your sins, even in all your borders.

15:14I will make them to pass with your enemies into a land which you don’t know; for a fire is kindled in my anger, which will burn on you.”

15:15LORD, you know. Remember me, visit me, and avenge me of my persecutors. You are patient, so don’t take me away. Know that for your sake I have suffered reproach.

15:16Your words were found, and I ate them. Your words were to me a joy and the rejoicing of my heart, for I am called by your name, LORD, God of Armies.

15:17I didn’t sit in the assembly of those who make merry and rejoice. I sat alone because of your hand, for you have filled me with indignation.

15:18Why is my pain perpetual, and my wound incurable, which refuses to be healed? Will you indeed be to me as a deceitful brook, like waters that fail?

15:19Therefore the LORD says, “If you return, then I will bring you again, that you may stand before me; and if you take out the precious from the vile, you will be as my mouth. They will return to you, but you will not return to them.

15:20I will make you to this people a fortified bronze wall. They will fight against you, but they will not prevail against you; for I am with you to save you and to deliver you,” says the LORD.

15:21“I will deliver you out of the hand of the wicked, and I will redeem you out of the hand of the terrible.”

Jeremiah 16

16:1Then the LORD’s word came to me, saying,

16:2“You shall not take a wife, neither shall you have sons or daughters, in this place.”

16:3For the LORD says concerning the sons and concerning the daughters who are born in this place, and concerning their mothers who bore them, and concerning their fathers who became their father in this land:

16:4“They will die grievous deaths. They will not be lamented, neither will they be buried. They will be as dung on the surface of the ground. They will be consumed by the sword and by famine. Their dead bodies will be food for the birds of the sky and for the animals of the earth.”

16:5For the LORD says, “Don’t enter into the house of mourning. Don’t go to lament. Don’t bemoan them, for I have taken away my peace from this people,” says the LORD, “even loving kindness and tender mercies.

16:6Both great and small will die in this land. They will not be buried. Men won’t lament for them, cut themselves, or make themselves bald for them.

16:7Men won’t break bread for them in mourning, to comfort them for the dead. Men won’t give them the cup of consolation to drink for their father or for their mother.

16:8“You shall not go into the house of feasting to sit with them, to eat and to drink.”

16:9For the LORD of Armies, the God of Israel says: “Behold, I will cause to cease out of this place, before your eyes and in your days, the voice of mirth and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride.

16:10It will happen, when you tell this people all these words, and they ask you, ‘Why has the LORD pronounced all this great evil against us?’ or ‘What is our iniquity?’ or ‘What is our sin that we have committed against the LORD our God?’

16:11then you shall tell them, ‘Because your fathers have forsaken me,’ says the LORD, ‘and have walked after other gods, have served them, have worshiped them, have forsaken me, and have not kept my law.

16:12You have done evil more than your fathers, for behold, you each walk after the stubbornness of his evil heart, so that you don’t listen to me.

16:13Therefore I will cast you out of this land into the land that you have not known, neither you nor your fathers. There you will serve other gods day and night, for I will show you no favor.’

16:14“Therefore behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that it will no more be said, ‘As the LORD lives, who brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;’

16:15but, ‘As the LORD lives, who brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the countries where he had driven them.’ I will bring them again into their land that I gave to their fathers.

16:16“Behold, I will send for many fishermen,” says the LORD, “and they will fish them up. Afterward I will send for many hunters, and they will hunt them from every mountain, from every hill, and out of the clefts of the rocks.

16:17For my eyes are on all their ways. They are not hidden from my face. Their iniquity isn’t concealed from my eyes.

16:18First I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double, because they have polluted my land with the carcasses of their detestable things, and have filled my inheritance with their abominations.”

16:19LORD, my strength, my stronghold, and my refuge in the day of affliction, the nations will come to you from the ends of the earth, and will say, “Our fathers have inherited nothing but lies, vanity and things in which there is no profit.

16:20Should a man make to himself gods which yet are no gods?”

16:21“Therefore behold, I will cause them to know, this once I will cause them to know my hand and my might. Then they will know that my name is the LORD.”

Jeremiah 17

17:1“The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the point of a diamond. It is engraved on the tablet of their heart, and on the horns of your altars.

17:2Even their children remember their altars and their Asherah poles by the green trees on the high hills.

17:3My mountain in the field, I will give your substance and all your treasures for a plunder, and your high places, because of sin, throughout all your borders.

17:4You, even of yourself, will discontinue from your heritage that I gave you. I will cause you to serve your enemies in the land which you don’t know, for you have kindled a fire in my anger which will burn forever.”

17:5The LORD says: “Cursed is the man who trusts in man, relies on strength of flesh, and whose heart departs from the LORD.

17:6For he will be like a bush in the desert, and will not see when good comes, but will inhabit the parched places in the wilderness, an uninhabited salt land.

17:7“Blessed is the man who trusts in the LORD, and whose confidence is in the LORD.

17:8For he will be as a tree planted by the waters, who spreads out its roots by the river, and will not fear when heat comes, but its leaf will be green, and will not be concerned in the year of drought. It won’t cease from yielding fruit.

17:9The heart is deceitful above all things and it is exceedingly corrupt. Who can know it?

17:10“I, the LORD, search the mind. I try the heart, even to give every man according to his ways, according to the fruit of his doings.”

17:11As the partridge that sits on eggs which she has not laid, so is he who gets riches, and not by right. In the middle of his days, they will leave him. At his end, he will be a fool.

17:12A glorious throne, set on high from the beginning, is the place of our sanctuary.

17:13LORD, the hope of Israel, all who forsake you will be disappointed. Those who depart from me will be written in the earth, because they have forsaken the LORD, the spring of living waters.

17:14Heal me, O LORD, and I will be healed. Save me, and I will be saved; for you are my praise.

17:15Behold, they ask me, “Where is the LORD’s word? Let it be fulfilled now.”

17:16As for me, I have not hurried from being a shepherd after you. I haven’t desired the woeful day. You know. That which came out of my lips was before your face.

17:17Don’t be a terror to me. You are my refuge in the day of evil.

17:18Let them be disappointed who persecute me, but don’t let me be disappointed. Let them be dismayed, but don’t let me be dismayed. Bring on them the day of evil, and destroy them with double destruction.

17:19The LORD said this to me: “Go and stand in the gate of the children of the people, through which the kings of Judah come in and by which they go out, and in all the gates of Jerusalem.

17:20Tell them, ‘Hear the LORD’s word, you kings of Judah, all Judah, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, that enter in by these gates:

17:21The LORD says, “Be careful, and bear no burden on the Sabbath day, nor bring it in by the gates of Jerusalem.

17:22Don’t carry a burden out of your houses on the Sabbath day. Don’t do any work, but make the Sabbath day holy, as I commanded your fathers.

17:23But they didn’t listen. They didn’t turn their ear, but made their neck stiff, that they might not hear, and might not receive instruction.

17:24It will happen, if you diligently listen to me,” says the LORD, “to bring in no burden through the gates of this city on the Sabbath day, but to make the Sabbath day holy, to do no work therein;

17:25then there will enter in by the gates of this city kings and princes sitting on David’s throne, riding in chariots and on horses, they and their princes, the men of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and this city will remain forever.

17:26They will come from the cities of Judah, and from the places around Jerusalem, from the land of Benjamin, from the lowland, from the hill country, and from the South, bringing burnt offerings, sacrifices, meal offerings, and frankincense, and bringing sacrifices of thanksgiving to the LORD’s house.

17:27But if you will not listen to me to make the Sabbath day holy, and not to bear a burden and enter in at the gates of Jerusalem on the Sabbath day, then I will kindle a fire in its gates, and it will devour the palaces of Jerusalem. It will not be quenched.”’”

Jeremiah 18

18:1The word which came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying,

18:2“Arise, and go down to the potter’s house, and there I will cause you to hear my words.”

18:3Then I went down to the potter’s house, and behold, he was making something on the wheels.

18:4When the vessel that he made of the clay was marred in the hand of the potter, he made it again another vessel, as seemed good to the potter to make it.

18:5Then the LORD’s word came to me, saying,

18:6“House of Israel, can’t I do with you as this potter?” says the LORD. “Behold, as the clay in the potter’s hand, so are you in my hand, house of Israel.

18:7At the instant I speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to pluck up and to break down and to destroy it,

18:8if that nation, concerning which I have spoken, turns from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do to them.

18:9At the instant I speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to build and to plant it,

18:10if they do that which is evil in my sight, that they don’t obey my voice, then I will repent of the good with which I said I would benefit them.

18:11“Now therefore, speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, ‘The LORD says: “Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a plan against you. Everyone return from his evil way now, and amend your ways and your doings.”’

18:12But they say, ‘It is in vain; for we will walk after our own plans, and we will each follow the stubbornness of his evil heart.’”

18:13Therefore the LORD says: “Ask now among the nations, ‘Who has heard such things?’ The virgin of Israel has done a very horrible thing.

18:14Will the snow of Lebanon fail from the rock of the field? Will the cold waters that flow down from afar be dried up?

18:15For my people have forgotten me. They have burned incense to false gods. They have been made to stumble in their ways in the ancient paths, to walk in byways, in a way not built up,

18:16to make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing. Everyone who passes by it will be astonished, and shake his head.

18:17I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy. I will show them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity.

18:18Then they said, “Come! Let’s devise plans against Jeremiah; for the law won’t perish from the priest, nor counsel from the wise, nor the word from the prophet. Come, and let’s strike him with the tongue, and let’s not give heed to any of his words.”

18:19Give heed to me, LORD, and listen to the voice of those who contend with me.

18:20Should evil be recompensed for good? For they have dug a pit for my soul. Remember how I stood before you to speak good for them, to turn away your wrath from them.

18:21Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and give them over to the power of the sword. Let their wives become childless and widows. Let their men be killed and their young men struck by the sword in battle.

18:22Let a cry be heard from their houses when you bring a troop suddenly on them; for they have dug a pit to take me and hidden snares for my feet.

18:23Yet, LORD, you know all their counsel against me to kill me. Don’t forgive their iniquity. Don’t blot out their sin from your sight, Let them be overthrown before you. Deal with them in the time of your anger.

Jeremiah 19

19:1Thus said the LORD, “Go, and buy a potter’s earthen container, and take some of the elders of the people and of the elders of the priests;

19:2and go out to the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the entry of the gate Harsith, and proclaim there the words that I will tell you.

19:3Say, ‘Hear the LORD’s word, kings of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel says, “Behold, I will bring evil on this place, which whoever hears, his ears will tingle.

19:4Because they have forsaken me, and have defiled this place, and have burned incense in it to other gods that they didn’t know—they, their fathers, and the kings of Judah—and have filled this place with the blood of innocents,

19:5and have built the high places of Baal to burn their children in the fire for burnt offerings to Baal, which I didn’t command, nor speak, which didn’t even enter into my mind.

19:6Therefore, behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that this place will no more be called ‘Topheth’, nor ‘The Valley of the son of Hinnom’, but ‘The valley of Slaughter’.

19:7“‘“I will make the counsel of Judah and Jerusalem void in this place. I will cause them to fall by the sword before their enemies, and by the hand of those who seek their life. I will give their dead bodies to be food for the birds of the sky and for the animals of the earth.

19:8I will make this city an astonishment and a hissing. Everyone who passes by it will be astonished and hiss because of all its plagues.

19:9I will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the flesh of their daughters. They will each eat the flesh of his friend in the siege and in the distress with which their enemies, and those who seek their life, will distress them.”’

19:10“Then you shall break the container in the sight of the men who go with you,

19:11and shall tell them, ‘The LORD of Armies says: “Even so I will break this people and this city as one breaks a potter’s vessel, that can’t be made whole again. They will bury in Topheth until there is no place to bury.

19:12This is what I will do to this place,” says the LORD, “and to its inhabitants, even making this city as Topheth.

19:13The houses of Jerusalem and the houses of the kings of Judah, which are defiled, will be as the place of Topheth, even all the houses on whose roofs they have burned incense to all the army of the sky and have poured out drink offerings to other gods.”’”

19:14Then Jeremiah came from Topheth, where the LORD had sent him to prophesy, and he stood in the court of the LORD’s house, and said to all the people:

19:15“The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel says, ‘Behold, I will bring on this city and on all its towns all the evil that I have pronounced against it, because they have made their neck stiff, that they may not hear my words.’”

Jeremiah 20

20:1Now Pashhur, the son of Immer the priest, who was chief officer in the LORD’s house, heard Jeremiah prophesying these things.

20:2Then Pashhur struck Jeremiah the prophet and put him in the stocks that were in the upper gate of Benjamin, which was in the LORD’s house.

20:3On the next day, Pashhur released Jeremiah out of the stocks. Then Jeremiah said to him, “The LORD has not called your name Pashhur, but Magormissabib.

20:4For the LORD says, ‘Behold, I will make you a terror to yourself and to all your friends. They will fall by the sword of their enemies, and your eyes will see it. I will give all Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will carry them captive to Babylon, and will kill them with the sword.

20:5Moreover I will give all the riches of this city, and all its gains, and all its precious things, yes, I will give all the treasures of the kings of Judah into the hand of their enemies. They will make them captives, take them, and carry them to Babylon.

20:6You, Pashhur, and all who dwell in your house will go into captivity. You will come to Babylon, and there you will die, and there you will be buried, you, and all your friends, to whom you have prophesied falsely.’”

20:7LORD, you have persuaded me, and I was persuaded. You are stronger than I, and have prevailed. I have become a laughingstock all day. Everyone mocks me.

20:8For as often as I speak, I cry out; I cry, “Violence and destruction!” because the LORD’s word has been made a reproach to me, and a derision, all day.

20:9If I say that I will not make mention of him, or speak any more in his name, then there is in my heart as it were a burning fire shut up in my bones. I am weary with holding it in. I can’t.

20:10For I have heard the defaming of many: “Terror on every side! Denounce, and we will denounce him!” say all my familiar friends, those who watch for my fall. “Perhaps he will be persuaded, and we will prevail against him, and we will take our revenge on him.”

20:11But the LORD is with me as an awesome mighty one. Therefore my persecutors will stumble, and they won’t prevail. They will be utterly disappointed because they have not dealt wisely, even with an everlasting dishonor which will never be forgotten.

20:12But the LORD of Armies, who tests the righteous, who sees the heart and the mind, let me see your vengeance on them, for I have revealed my cause to you.

20:13Sing to the LORD! Praise the LORD, for he has delivered the soul of the needy from the hand of evildoers.

20:14Cursed is the day in which I was born. Don’t let the day in which my mother bore me be blessed.

20:15Cursed is the man who brought news to my father, saying, “A boy is born to you,” making him very glad.

20:16Let that man be as the cities which the LORD overthrew, and didn’t repent. Let him hear a cry in the morning, and shouting at noontime,

20:17because he didn’t kill me from the womb. So my mother would have been my grave, and her womb always great.

20:18Why did I come out of the womb to see labor and sorrow, that my days should be consumed with shame?

CONTEXTUAL OVERVIEW

Jeremiah 11 begins with the covenant words Israel heard when God brought them out of Egypt. Judah’s worship of other gods and refusal to obey are therefore not presented as isolated failures; they are breach of the relationship God established with a redeemed people. The covenant curse is not arbitrary punishment but the consequence God had warned about from the beginning.

As the section continues, the national rejection becomes personal. Men from Jeremiah’s own hometown plot to silence him, temple officials oppose him, and Pashhur strikes him and puts him in stocks. The prophet’s private prayers let readers hear the spiritual cost of public obedience without pretending that a faithful servant always feels composed.

HISTORICAL AND LITERARY CONTEXT

These chapters combine covenant prosecution, enacted signs, prose narrative, and poetic complaint. Jeremiah’s linen loincloth, the shattered pottery, and the yoke all make the coming humiliation and foreign domination visible. The acts are not random illustrations; each speaks to Judah’s refusal to remain bound to the Lord who formed them.

Jeremiah’s laments resemble the prayers of complaint found in the Psalms. He brings injustice directly to God, remembers God’s faithfulness, and sometimes wishes he had never been born. The book does not endorse every emotion as a final theological conclusion. It preserves them as the honest speech of a prophet who remains engaged with the God he cannot control or fully understand.

SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS

  • They have broken my covenant · Jeremiah 11:10Judah’s idolatry and disobedience violate the covenant formed when God brought Israel out of Egypt.
  • Like a lamb led to the slaughter · Jeremiah 11:19Jeremiah learns that the plot against him is hidden, making his appeal to God’s just knowledge especially urgent.
  • A burning fire shut up in my bones · Jeremiah 20:9Jeremiah cannot treat God’s word as a career choice he may abandon whenever speaking becomes costly.

CHRIST IN THIS PASSAGE

Jeremiah’s rejection and lamb-like vulnerability form a strong thematic pattern for Jesus, the righteous prophet who is opposed by His own people and entrusts Himself to the Father’s justice. Jeremiah is not a substitute for Christ, and his suffering does not atone for Judah. But his costly witness helps readers recognize why the rejected Messiah’s obedience matters.

The broken covenant also points beyond itself to Jeremiah’s later promise of a new covenant. Jesus explicitly identifies His blood with that new covenant, bearing the judgment covenant-breakers deserve and securing forgiveness for those who trust Him. In Him, believers can bring persecution, confusion, and grief to God without imagining that pain places them outside His faithful love.

REFLECTION

Jeremiah gives courage to believers who find that truthfulness costs them approval. His prayers do not make suffering easy, but they show a way to take the complaint upward rather than turning it into bitterness or retaliation. Jesus receives the prayers of His servants who are weary of being misunderstood.

If obedience has exposed you to opposition, tell Christ exactly what has happened and ask Him to keep you from revenge. If you have been resisting a word He keeps pressing on your conscience, do not call that inner pressure mere discomfort. Turn from the covenant-breaking pattern and receive the forgiveness He purchased.

Original Hebrew Word Study

Jeremiah 11:3

בְּרִית

berit · H1285

Usually translated: covenant

Berit means covenant, a binding relationship established by God. Judah’s sin is therefore not a private lapse; it is a breach of the relationship through which the Lord formed them as His people.

Follow the Scripture trail

The Broken Covenant and a Prophet Who Brings His Case to God in the larger story

The connection: Jeremiah bears the cost of confronting Judah’s broken covenant and takes his anguish to the Lord. Jesus, the greater rejected righteous sufferer, bears sin’s judgment and inaugurates the new covenant that gives real forgiveness and a restored people.

Respond to the passage

Bring one painful cost of faithful speech to Jesus without disguising it. Refuse retaliation, ask for wisdom about the next truthful word, and trust His new-covenant mercy where your own obedience has failed.

  1. Why does Jeremiah describe Judah’s sin as covenant-breaking rather than merely rule-breaking?
  2. What do Jeremiah’s laments teach about bringing confusion to God?
  3. How does Jesus’ new covenant answer the need exposed by Judah’s repeated unfaithfulness?

Prayer

Lord Jesus, You know rejection and You have borne the judgment of covenant-breakers. Keep me truthful when obedience costs me, forgive my divided heart, and teach me to bring my grief to the Father in faith. Amen.
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