
Passage Study
The New Covenant Written on Hearts and Secured by the Lord
Jeremiah 30:1–33:26
Jeremiah 30–33 speaks consolation into the wreckage Judah deserves: God will restore Jacob, gather Israel and Judah, raise up a righteous Davidic ruler, and make a new covenant. These promises do not minimize exile; they answer it with God’s own forgiving and renewing action. Jesus explicitly identifies His blood with the new covenant, bringing forgiveness and the inward renewal Jeremiah foresaw.
- In this study
- 134 verses · 5 movements
Jeremiah 30
30:1The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying,
30:2“The LORD, the God of Israel, says, ‘Write all the words that I have spoken to you in a book.
30:3For, behold, the days come,’ says the LORD, ‘that I will reverse the captivity of my people Israel and Judah,’ says the LORD. ‘I will cause them to return to the land that I gave to their fathers, and they will possess it.’”
30:4These are the words that the LORD spoke concerning Israel and concerning Judah.
30:5For the LORD says: “We have heard a voice of trembling; a voice of fear, and not of peace.
30:6Ask now, and see whether a man travails with child. Why do I see every man with his hands on his waist, as a woman in travail, and all faces are turned pale?
30:7Alas, for that day is great, so that none is like it! It is even the time of Jacob’s trouble; but he will be saved out of it.
30:8It will come to pass in that day, says the LORD of Armies, that I will break his yoke from off your neck, and will burst your bonds. Strangers will no more make them their bondservants;
30:9but they will serve the LORD their God, and David their king, whom I will raise up to them.
30:10Therefore don’t be afraid, O Jacob my servant, says the LORD. Don’t be dismayed, Israel. For, behold, I will save you from afar, and save your offspring from the land of their captivity. Jacob will return, and will be quiet and at ease. No one will make him afraid.
30:11For I am with you, says the LORD, to save you; for I will make a full end of all the nations where I have scattered you, but I will not make a full end of you; but I will correct you in measure, and will in no way leave you unpunished.”
30:12For the LORD says, “Your hurt is incurable. Your wound is grievous.
30:13There is no one to plead your cause, that you may be bound up. You have no healing medicines.
30:14All your lovers have forgotten you. They don’t seek you. For I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy, with the chastisement of a cruel one, for the greatness of your iniquity, because your sins were increased.
30:15Why do you cry over your injury? Your pain is incurable. For the greatness of your iniquity, because your sins have increased, I have done these things to you.
30:16Therefore all those who devour you will be devoured. All your adversaries, everyone of them, will go into captivity. Those who plunder you will be plunder. I will make all who prey on you become prey.
30:17For I will restore health to you, and I will heal you of your wounds,” says the LORD, “because they have called you an outcast, saying, ‘It is Zion, whom no man seeks after.’”
30:18The LORD says: “Behold, I will reverse the captivity of Jacob’s tents, and have compassion on his dwelling places. The city will be built on its own hill, and the palace will be inhabited in its own place.
30:19Thanksgiving will proceed out of them with the voice of those who make merry. I will multiply them, and they will not be few; I will also glorify them, and they will not be small.
30:20Their children also will be as before, and their congregation will be established before me. I will punish all who oppress them.
30:21Their prince will be one of them, and their ruler will proceed from among them. I will cause him to draw near, and he will approach me; for who is he who has had boldness to approach me?” says the LORD.
30:22“You shall be my people, and I will be your God.
30:23Behold, the LORD’s storm, his wrath, has gone out, a sweeping storm; it will burst on the head of the wicked.
30:24The fierce anger of the LORD will not return until he has accomplished, and until he has performed the intentions of his heart. In the latter days you will understand it.”
Jeremiah 31
31:1“At that time,” says the LORD, “I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.”
31:2The LORD says, “The people who survive the sword found favor in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest.”
31:3The LORD appeared of old to me, saying, “Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love. Therefore I have drawn you with loving kindness.
31:4I will build you again, and you will be built, O virgin of Israel. You will again be adorned with your tambourines, and will go out in the dances of those who make merry.
31:5Again you will plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria. The planters will plant, and will enjoy its fruit.
31:6For there will be a day that the watchmen on the hills of Ephraim cry, ‘Arise! Let’s go up to Zion to the LORD our God.’”
31:7For the LORD says, “Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout for the chief of the nations. Publish, praise, and say, ‘LORD, save your people, the remnant of Israel!’
31:8Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the uttermost parts of the earth, along with the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her who travails with child together. They will return as a great company.
31:9They will come with weeping. I will lead them with petitions. I will cause them to walk by rivers of waters, in a straight way in which they won’t stumble; for I am a father to Israel. Ephraim is my firstborn.
31:10“Hear the LORD’s word, you nations, and declare it in the distant islands. Say, ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd does his flock.’
31:11For the LORD has ransomed Jacob, and redeemed him from the hand of him who was stronger than he.
31:12They will come and sing in the height of Zion, and will flow to the goodness of the LORD, to the grain, to the new wine, to the oil, and to the young of the flock and of the herd. Their soul will be as a watered garden. They will not sorrow any more at all.
31:13Then the virgin will rejoice in the dance, the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.
31:14I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people will be satisfied with my goodness,” says the LORD.
31:15The LORD says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children. She refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more.”
31:16The LORD says: “Refrain your voice from weeping, and your eyes from tears, for your work will be rewarded,” says the LORD. “They will come again from the land of the enemy.
31:17There is hope for your latter end,” says the LORD. “Your children will come again to their own territory.
31:18“I have surely heard Ephraim grieving thus, ‘You have chastised me, and I was chastised, as an untrained calf. Turn me, and I will be turned, for you are the LORD my God.
31:19Surely after that I was turned. I repented. After that I was instructed. I struck my thigh. I was ashamed, yes, even confounded, because I bore the reproach of my youth.’
31:20Is Ephraim my dear son? Is he a darling child? For as often as I speak against him, I still earnestly remember him. Therefore my heart yearns for him. I will surely have mercy on him,” says the LORD.
31:21“Set up road signs. Make guideposts. Set your heart toward the highway, even the way by which you went. Turn again, virgin of Israel. Turn again to these your cities.
31:22How long will you go here and there, you backsliding daughter? For the LORD has created a new thing in the earth: a woman will encompass a man.”
31:23The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Yet again they will use this speech in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I reverse their captivity: ‘The LORD bless you, habitation of righteousness, mountain of holiness.’
31:24Judah and all its cities will dwell therein together, the farmers, and those who go about with flocks.
31:25For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul.”
31:26On this I awakened, and saw; and my sleep was sweet to me.
31:27“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and with the seed of animal.
31:28It will happen that, like as I have watched over them to pluck up and to break down and to overthrow and to destroy and to afflict, so I will watch over them to build and to plant,” says the LORD.
31:29“In those days they will say no more, “‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’
31:30But everyone will die for his own iniquity. Every man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth will be set on edge.
31:31“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah,
31:32not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, which covenant of mine they broke, although I was a husband to them,” says the LORD.
31:33“But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” says the LORD: “I will put my law in their inward parts, and I will write it in their heart. I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
31:34They will no longer each teach his neighbor, and every man teach his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD;’ for they will all know me, from their least to their greatest,” says the LORD, “for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”
31:35The LORD, who gives the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirs up the sea, so that its waves roar— the LORD of Armies is his name, says:
31:36“If these ordinances depart from before me,” says the LORD, “then the offspring of Israel also will cease from being a nation before me forever.”
31:37The LORD says: “If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then I will also cast off all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done,” says the LORD.
31:38“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that the city will be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananel to the gate of the corner.
31:39The measuring line will go out further straight onward to the hill Gareb, and will turn toward Goah.
31:40The whole valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields to the brook Kidron, to the corner of the horse gate toward the east, will be holy to the LORD. It will not be plucked up or thrown down any more forever.”
Jeremiah 32
32:1This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, which was the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar.
32:2Now at that time the king of Babylon’s army was besieging Jerusalem. Jeremiah the prophet was shut up in the court of the guard, which was in the king of Judah’s house.
32:3For Zedekiah king of Judah had shut him up, saying, “Why do you prophesy, and say, ‘The LORD says, “Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will take it;
32:4and Zedekiah king of Judah won’t escape out of the hand of the Chaldeans, but will surely be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon, and will speak with him mouth to mouth, and his eyes will see his eyes;
32:5and he will bring Zedekiah to Babylon, and he will be there until I visit him,” says the LORD, “though you fight with the Chaldeans, you will not prosper”’?”
32:6Jeremiah said, “The LORD’s word came to me, saying,
32:7‘Behold, Hanamel the son of Shallum your uncle will come to you, saying, “Buy my field that is in Anathoth; for the right of redemption is yours to buy it.”’”
32:8“So Hanamel my uncle’s son came to me in the court of the guard according to the LORD’s word, and said to me, ‘Please buy my field that is in Anathoth, which is in the land of Benjamin; for the right of inheritance is yours, and the redemption is yours. Buy it for yourself.’ “Then I knew that this was the LORD’s word.
32:9I bought the field that was in Anathoth of Hanamel my uncle’s son, and weighed him the money, even seventeen shekels of silver.
32:10I signed the deed, sealed it, called witnesses, and weighed the money in the balances to him.
32:11So I took the deed of the purchase, both that which was sealed, containing the terms and conditions, and that which was open;
32:12and I delivered the deed of the purchase to Baruch the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, in the presence of Hanamel my uncle’s son, and in the presence of the witnesses who signed the deed of the purchase, before all the Jews who sat in the court of the guard.
32:13“I commanded Baruch before them, saying,
32:14the LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘Take these deeds, this deed of the purchase which is sealed, and this deed which is open, and put them in an earthen vessel, that they may last many days.’
32:15For the LORD of Armies, the God of Israel says: ‘Houses and fields and vineyards will yet again be bought in this land.’
32:16Now after I had delivered the deed of the purchase to Baruch the son of Neriah, I prayed to the LORD, saying,
32:17“Ah Lord GOD! Behold, you have made the heavens and the earth by your great power and by your outstretched arm. There is nothing too hard for you.
32:18You show loving kindness to thousands, and repay the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them. The great, the mighty God, the LORD of Armies is your name:
32:19great in counsel, and mighty in work; whose eyes are open to all the ways of the children of men, to give everyone according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings;
32:20who performed signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, even to this day, both in Israel and among other men; and made yourself a name, as it is today;
32:21and brought your people Israel out of the land of Egypt with signs, with wonders, with a strong hand, with an outstretched arm, and with great terror;
32:22and gave them this land, which you swore to their fathers to give them, a land flowing with milk and honey.
32:23They came in and possessed it, but they didn’t obey your voice and didn’t walk in your law. They have done nothing of all that you commanded them to do. Therefore you have caused all this evil to come upon them.
32:24“Behold, siege ramps have been built against the city to take it. The city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans who fight against it, because of the sword, of the famine, and of the pestilence. What you have spoken has happened. Behold, you see it.
32:25You have said to me, Lord GOD, ‘Buy the field for money, and call witnesses;’ whereas the city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans.”
32:26Then the LORD’s word came to Jeremiah, saying,
32:27“Behold, I am the LORD, the God of all flesh. Is there anything too hard for me?
32:28Therefore the LORD says: Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans, and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and he will take it.
32:29The Chaldeans, who fight against this city, will come and set this city on fire, and burn it with the houses on whose roofs they have offered incense to Baal, and poured out drink offerings to other gods, to provoke me to anger.
32:30“For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have done only that which was evil in my sight from their youth; for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, says the LORD.
32:31For this city has been to me a provocation of my anger and of my wrath from the day that they built it even to this day, so that I should remove it from before my face,
32:32because of all the evil of the children of Israel and of the children of Judah, which they have done to provoke me to anger—they, their kings, their princes, their priests, their prophets, the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
32:33They have turned their backs to me, and not their faces. Although I taught them, rising up early and teaching them, yet they have not listened to receive instruction.
32:34But they set their abominations in the house which is called by my name, to defile it.
32:35They built the high places of Baal, which are in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to cause their sons and their daughters to pass through fire to Molech, which I didn’t command them. It didn’t even come into my mind, that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah to sin.”
32:36Now therefore the LORD, the God of Israel, says concerning this city, about which you say, “It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence:”
32:37“Behold, I will gather them out of all the countries where I have driven them in my anger, and in my wrath, and in great indignation; and I will bring them again to this place. I will cause them to dwell safely.
32:38Then they will be my people, and I will be their God.
32:39I will give them one heart and one way, that they may fear me forever, for their good and the good of their children after them.
32:40I will make an everlasting covenant with them, that I will not turn away from following them, to do them good. I will put my fear in their hearts, that they may not depart from me.
32:41Yes, I will rejoice over them to do them good, and I will plant them in this land assuredly with my whole heart and with my whole soul.”
32:42For the LORD says: “Just as I have brought all this great evil on this people, so I will bring on them all the good that I have promised them.
32:43Fields will be bought in this land, about which you say, ‘It is desolate, without man or animal. It is given into the hand of the Chaldeans.’
32:44Men will buy fields for money, sign the deeds, seal them, and call witnesses, in the land of Benjamin, and in the places around Jerusalem, in the cities of Judah, in the cities of the hill country, in the cities of the lowland, and in the cities of the South; for I will cause their captivity to be reversed,” says the LORD.
Jeremiah 33
33:1Moreover the LORD’s word came to Jeremiah the second time, while he was still locked up in the court of the guard, saying,
33:2“The LORD who does it, the LORD who forms it to establish it—the LORD is his name, says:
33:3‘Call to me, and I will answer you, and will show you great and difficult things, which you don’t know.’
33:4For the LORD, the God of Israel, says concerning the houses of this city and concerning the houses of the kings of Judah, which are broken down to make a defense against the mounds and against the sword:
33:5‘While men come to fight with the Chaldeans, and to fill them with the dead bodies of men, whom I have killed in my anger and in my wrath, and for all whose wickedness I have hidden my face from this city,
33:6behold, I will bring it health and healing, and I will cure them; and I will reveal to them abundance of peace and truth.
33:7I will restore the fortunes of Judah and Israel, and will build them as at the first.
33:8I will cleanse them from all their iniquity by which they have sinned against me. I will pardon all their iniquities by which they have sinned against me and by which they have transgressed against me.
33:9This city will be to me for a name of joy, for praise, and for glory, before all the nations of the earth, which will hear all the good that I do to them, and will fear and tremble for all the good and for all the peace that I provide to it.’”
33:10The LORD says: “Yet again there will be heard in this place, about which you say, ‘It is waste, without man and without animal, even in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that are desolate, without man and without inhabitant and without animal,’
33:11the voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the voice of those who say, ‘Give thanks to the LORD of Armies, for the LORD is good, for his loving kindness endures forever;’ who bring thanksgiving into the LORD’s house. For I will cause the captivity of the land to be reversed as at the first,” says the LORD.
33:12The LORD of Armies says: “Yet again there will be in this place, which is waste, without man and without animal, and in all its cities, a habitation of shepherds causing their flocks to lie down.
33:13In the cities of the hill country, in the cities of the lowland, in the cities of the South, in the land of Benjamin, in the places around Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, the flocks will again pass under the hands of him who counts them,” says the LORD.
33:14“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will perform that good word which I have spoken concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah.
33:15“In those days and at that time, I will cause a Branch of righteousness to grow up to David. He will execute justice and righteousness in the land.
33:16In those days Judah will be saved, and Jerusalem will dwell safely. This is the name by which she will be called: The LORD our righteousness.”
33:17For the LORD says: “David will never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel.
33:18The Levitical priests won’t lack a man before me to offer burnt offerings, to burn meal offerings, and to do sacrifice continually.”
33:19The LORD’s word came to Jeremiah, saying,
33:20“The LORD says: ‘If you can break my covenant of the day and my covenant of the night, so that there will not be day and night in their time,
33:21then my covenant could also be broken with David my servant, that he won’t have a son to reign on his throne; and with the Levitical priests, my ministers.
33:22As the army of the sky can’t be counted, and the sand of the sea can’t be measured, so I will multiply the offspring of David my servant and the Levites who minister to me.’”
33:23The LORD’s word came to Jeremiah, saying,
33:24“Don’t consider what this people has spoken, saying, ‘Has the LORD cast off the two families which he chose?’ Thus they despise my people, that they should be no more a nation before them.”
33:25The LORD says: “If my covenant of day and night fails, if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth,
33:26then I will also cast away the offspring of Jacob, and of David my servant, so that I will not take of his offspring to be rulers over the offspring of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; for I will cause their captivity to be reversed and will have mercy on them.”
CONTEXTUAL OVERVIEW
The Book of Consolation stands within a book filled with judgment. Its comfort is specific to people who have heard that Jerusalem will fall and who know their covenant rebellion has brought them there. God promises not merely a change of political circumstance but a return in which He heals, forgives, and binds His people to Himself again.
The repeated “I will” language makes the center of these chapters unmistakable: restoration rests on the Lord’s initiative. He will bring His people back, make them one people under one God, put His fear in their hearts, and cause them to dwell securely. The promise reaches beyond a repaired past to a relationship that their former pattern of disobedience could not sustain.
HISTORICAL AND LITERARY CONTEXT
Jeremiah 30–33 combines salvation oracles with a concrete act performed during Jerusalem’s final siege. The field purchase in Anathoth looks irrational while Babylon is taking the land, yet the signed deed becomes a public pledge that fields, houses, and vineyards will again be bought there. Hope is tied to a real land and a real people facing real devastation.
The new covenant promise in chapter 31 deliberately recalls the covenant made when God brought Israel from Egypt. That covenant has been broken by the people. The promised covenant does not discard God’s instruction; it places His instruction within them, joins forgiveness to intimate knowledge of God, and gives the disobedient people the inward renewal they need.
SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS
- Rachel weeping at Ramah · Jeremiah 31:15The grief of deportation is heard by God and answered with His pledge that the children will return.
- I will write it on their hearts · Jeremiah 31:33The new covenant addresses the inward rebellion that repeatedly broke the Sinai covenant.
- The field at Anathoth · Jeremiah 32:7Jeremiah’s purchase makes future restoration visible while Babylon’s siege makes present judgment undeniable.
CHRIST IN THIS PASSAGE
Jesus directly connects His blood to “the new covenant,” making Jeremiah 31 central to the meaning of His death. At the cross, He bears the judgment sin deserves and obtains the forgiveness God promises. Through the risen Christ and the gift of the Spirit, God writes His law upon the hearts of those who belong to Him; this is explicit new-covenant fulfillment, not a merely decorative parallel.
Jeremiah’s righteous Branch from David also provides a strong messianic line. Jesus is David’s promised king, yet His justice is displayed through self-giving service before final public judgment. The field deed and return from exile are not reduced to symbols; they show the historical restoration from which God’s larger covenant promise opens toward the reign of Christ.
REFLECTION
These chapters speak to people who know that their deepest problem cannot be solved by a new environment or stronger willpower. In Christ, forgiveness is not a vague reassurance: God remembers sin no more because His Son has borne it. Ask Him to expose the place where you are trying to manage a heart problem with external rearrangements alone.
Jeremiah’s field purchase also gives hope a bodily shape. Because Jesus is risen and God keeps His covenant, faithful action in a hard season is not wasted. Plant, serve, reconcile, and pray where God has assigned you, trusting that His promised future is stronger than the ruins presently in view.
Original Hebrew Word Study
Jeremiah 31:31
חָדָשׁ
chadash · H2319
Usually translated: new
Chadash means new. The promised new covenant is God’s work of writing His instruction on His people’s hearts, creating the inward renewal their repeated covenant-breaking could not produce.
Follow the Scripture trail
The New Covenant Written on Hearts and Secured by the Lord in the larger story
The connection: Jeremiah announces that God will forgive covenant-breakers, renew their hearts, and raise David’s righteous king. Jesus fulfills these promises by His blood, resurrection, and Spirit-giving reign, making the new covenant effective for all who trust Him.
Respond to the passage
Bring one recurring sin or fear to Jesus as a heart-level need rather than a problem to hide. Thank Him for new-covenant forgiveness, and take one concrete action that reflects trust in His promised future.
- How does the new covenant answer the failure of the covenant made at the exodus?
- Why does Jeremiah’s purchase of a field matter while Jerusalem is under siege?
- What does Jesus’ use of “new covenant” at the supper reveal about His death?
Prayer
Father, thank You for the forgiveness and heart-renewal You promised in the new covenant. Through Jesus’ blood, write Your ways within me, make me faithful in hard places, and fix my hope on Your righteous King. Amen.