Read Philippians 2:1–3:21

Passage Study

The Crucified Lord’s Mind and the Upward Call of God

Philippians 2:1–3:21

Philippians 2:1–3:21 calls a divided and threatened church to the mind of Christ, who humbled Himself to death on a cross and was exalted as Lord. Paul works out the implications through obedient service, Timothy and Epaphroditus, his rejection of fleshly credentials, and his pursuit of knowing Christ. Believers await the Savior from heaven, who will transform their lowly bodies by His reigning power.

In this study
51 verses · 5 movements

Philippians 2

2:1If therefore there is any exhortation in Christ, if any consolation of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any tender mercies and compassion,

2:2make my joy full by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind;

2:3doing nothing through rivalry or through conceit, but in humility, each counting others better than himself;

2:4each of you not just looking to his own things, but each of you also to the things of others.

2:5Have this in your mind, which was also in Christ Jesus,

2:6who, existing in the form of God, didn’t consider equality with God a thing to be grasped,

2:7but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men.

2:8And being found in human form, he humbled himself, becoming obedient to the point of death, yes, the death of the cross.

2:9Therefore God also highly exalted him, and gave to him the name which is above every name,

2:10that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven, those on earth, and those under the earth,

2:11and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

2:12So then, my beloved, even as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.

2:13For it is God who works in you both to will and to work for his good pleasure.

2:14Do all things without complaining and arguing,

2:15that you may become blameless and harmless, children of God without defect in the middle of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you are seen as lights in the world,

2:16holding up the word of life, that I may have something to boast in the day of Christ that I didn’t run in vain nor labor in vain.

2:17Yes, and if I am poured out on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all.

2:18In the same way, you also should be glad and rejoice with me.

2:19But I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon, that I also may be cheered up when I know how you are doing.

2:20For I have no one else like-minded, who will truly care about you.

2:21For they all seek their own, not the things of Jesus Christ.

2:22But you know that he has proved himself. As a child serves a father, so he served with me in furtherance of the Good News.

2:23Therefore I hope to send him at once, as soon as I see how it will go with me.

2:24But I trust in the Lord that I myself also will come shortly.

2:25But I thought it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus, my brother, fellow worker, fellow soldier, and your apostle and servant of my need,

2:26since he longed for you all, and was very troubled because you had heard that he was sick.

2:27For indeed he was sick nearly to death, but God had mercy on him, and not on him only, but on me also, that I might not have sorrow on sorrow.

2:28I have sent him therefore the more diligently, that when you see him again, you may rejoice, and that I may be the less sorrowful.

2:29Receive him therefore in the Lord with all joy, and hold such people in honor,

2:30because for the work of Christ he came near to death, risking his life to supply that which was lacking in your service toward me.

Philippians 3

3:1Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord! To write the same things to you, to me indeed is not tiresome, but for you it is safe.

3:2Beware of the dogs; beware of the evil workers; beware of the false circumcision.

3:3For we are the circumcision, who worship God in the Spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh;

3:4though I myself might have confidence even in the flesh. If any other man thinks that he has confidence in the flesh, I yet more:

3:5circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee;

3:6concerning zeal, persecuting the assembly; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, found blameless.

3:7However, I consider those things that were gain to me as a loss for Christ.

3:8Yes most certainly, and I count all things to be a loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus, my Lord, for whom I suffered the loss of all things, and count them nothing but refuse, that I may gain Christ

3:9and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own, that which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is from God by faith,

3:10that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings, becoming conformed to his death,

3:11if by any means I may attain to the resurrection from the dead.

3:12Not that I have already obtained, or am already made perfect; but I press on, that I may take hold of that for which also I was taken hold of by Christ Jesus.

3:13Brothers, I don’t regard myself as yet having taken hold, but one thing I do: forgetting the things which are behind and stretching forward to the things which are before,

3:14I press on toward the goal for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.

3:15Let us therefore, as many as are perfect, think this way. If in anything you think otherwise, God will also reveal that to you.

3:16Nevertheless, to the extent that we have already attained, let’s walk by the same rule. Let’s be of the same mind.

3:17Brothers, be imitators together of me, and note those who walk this way, even as you have us for an example.

3:18For many walk, of whom I told you often, and now tell you even weeping, as the enemies of the cross of Christ,

3:19whose end is destruction, whose god is the belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who think about earthly things.

3:20For our citizenship is in heaven, from where we also wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ,

3:21who will change the body of our humiliation to be conformed to the body of his glory, according to the working by which he is able even to subject all things to himself.

CONTEXTUAL OVERVIEW

Paul begins with the church’s shared comfort in Christ, participation in the Spirit, affection, and mercy, then asks them to complete his joy by becoming of the same mind. The problem is not that they lack Christian experiences. Their common life needs to be ruled by humility: doing nothing from selfish ambition, regarding others as more significant, and looking to another’s interests. Paul grounds this summons in the mind that belongs to Christ Jesus rather than in a general appeal to be nicer.

The passage moves from Christ’s self-humbling to Paul’s own renunciation of status. His former advantages—circumcision, Israelite lineage, Benjamin, Pharisaic zeal, and a record of law-righteousness—were real credentials in his former world. Yet he calls them loss compared with gaining Christ. The same movement continues into the future: he has not already obtained the resurrection goal, but he presses on because Christ Jesus has made him His own.

HISTORICAL AND LITERARY CONTEXT

Philippians 2:6–11 is carefully ordered around Christ’s voluntary humility and God’s response. Paul does not treat Jesus’ equality with God as a status to exploit for self-advantage. The Son takes the form of a slave, enters human likeness, and obeys to death on a cross. God therefore highly exalts Him and gives Him the name above every name. Paul’s allusion to Isaiah’s vision of every knee bending before the Lord places Jesus within the worship and lordship due to Israel’s God.

The examples that follow prevent Christ’s humility from becoming abstract. Timothy seeks Jesus Christ’s interests rather than his own; Epaphroditus risks his life to complete service the Philippians could not perform in person; Paul refuses confidence in his religious résumé. The letter’s horizon is also political and bodily: Christians have citizenship in heaven and await a Savior. Paul does not mean escape from creation; he says the Lord will transform believers’ lowly bodies to conform to His glorious body.

SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS

  • Philippians 2:1–11 · Philippians 2:2Christ’s cross-shaped humility and God-given exaltation set the pattern and the center for the church’s one-minded life.
  • Philippians 2:12–30 · Philippians 2:13God works within the church as it rejects grumbling, holds fast the word of life, and honors servants such as Timothy and Epaphroditus.
  • Philippians 3:1–21 · Philippians 2:30Paul abandons fleshly credentials to gain Christ and presses toward resurrection while awaiting the heavenly Savior.

CHRIST IN THIS PASSAGE

This passage speaks directly about Jesus’ identity and saving work. The One equal with God takes the form of a slave and goes obediently to the cross; God then exalts Him as universal Lord. The cross is not merely an example of self-denial. It is the obedient descent by which the Son carries out the Father’s saving purpose, and His exaltation guarantees that every rival claim to final authority will answer to Jesus.

Paul’s longing to gain Christ flows from this accomplished work. To know Him includes His resurrection power and participation in His sufferings, not confidence in a religious record. The future of that union is bodily: the Savior will transform His people’s lowly bodies like His glorious body. This is an explicit Christian hope rooted in the risen Lord, whose power already claims Paul and will finally subject all things to Himself.

REFLECTION

Watch for the particular credential you use to secure importance—training, discipline, family story, theological accuracy, usefulness, or sacrifice. Paul does not say those things are unreal; he refuses to count them as gain compared with Christ. Bring that credential to the cross and ask Jesus to form in you a willingness to seek another person’s good without needing to protect your rank.

Pressing on does not mean pretending you have arrived. It means refusing to be defined by past achievement or failure because Christ has taken hold of you. In one concrete setting of grumbling, rivalry, or discouragement, hold fast the word of life and act like a citizen awaiting the Savior whose resurrection power will not leave His people in lowliness forever.

Original Greek Word Study

Philippians 2:3

ταπεινοφροσύνη

tapeinophrosyne · G5012

Usually translated: humility or lowliness of mind

Tapeinophrosyne means humility or lowliness of mind. Paul calls the church to the mind of Christ, whose self-emptying obedience redefines greatness and directs believers toward one another’s good.

Follow the Scripture trail

The Crucified Lord’s Mind and the Upward Call of God in the larger story

The connection: The Lord whom Isaiah saw receiving universal worship has revealed His glory through the cross. Jesus’ obedient descent saves and gathers a people who no longer trust fleshly status, learn His servant-minded life, and await the resurrection transformation His reigning power will bring.

Respond to the passage

Identify one personal credential or grievance that is feeding rivalry. Count it as secondary to gaining Christ, then choose a hidden act of service that seeks another believer’s good and points toward the Savior you await.

  1. How does Christ’s humiliation to the cross shape Paul’s command for the Philippians to be of one mind?
  2. Why does Paul connect working out salvation with God working within the church?
  3. What does Paul reject when he counts his former religious gains as loss, and what does he gain instead?

Prayer

Lord Jesus, You humbled Yourself to the cross and now reign over every name. Forgive my confidence in status and my reluctance to serve. Take hold of me afresh, make me press toward Your resurrection call, and teach me to seek the good of Your people. Amen.
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